{"product_id":"c-1400-medieval-english-charter-henry-iv","title":"c.1400 MEDIEVAL ENGLISH CHARTER – Henry IV","description":"\u003cp\u003eMEDIEVAL ENGLISH CHARTER ON VELLUM WITH SEAL\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e[England or Welsh Marches, c. 1400–1410]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSingle-sheet vellum charter (c. 110 × 260 mm), written in a neat Anglicana hand in dark brown ink, comprising c. 10 lines, with moderate creasing and age-toning; lower edge folded to form a tongue with original pendant red wax seal (fragmentary but extant), attached by parchment tags.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe document records a land grant by Thomas ap Gwynn to Robert ap Gwynn and his son John, reflecting a Welsh family transfer of property. Written in a clear Anglicana hand on vellum, with original pendant red wax seal (fragmentary but intact).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe charter retains its full legal structure, including grant, tenure, rent clause, warranty, and witness section, and is dated to the Feast of All Saints.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA scarce and attractive example of a late medieval Welsh-associated land deed with strong genealogical interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eText in Latin, opening with the standard diplomatic formula “Sciant presentes et futuri…”, recording a grant by Thomas ap Gwynn of the parish of Skeyne to Robert ap Gwynn and John, his son, conveying “totam terram meam cum omnibus pertinentiis” (all his land with appurtenances), including meadows, pastures, and associated rights. The charter includes full feoffment clauses—habendum et tenendum, rent clause payable at the Feast of All Saints, and warranty provision—followed by a witness list (partially legible).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDated by regnal year to the reign of Henry IV of England, placing the document securely in the early fifteenth century.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe use of the Welsh patronymic “ap Gwynn” indicates a family transaction within a Welsh or Marcher context, reflecting the persistence of native naming conventions in late medieval landholding society.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCondition: some wear, folds, and minor losses; seal worn but original and attached.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eFull Working Transcription (Reconstructed)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(Bracketed portions = uncertain but strongly inferred from formula and letter forms)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSciant presentes et futuri quod ego Thomas ap Gwynn de parochia de Skeyn[e] dedi concessi et hac presenti carta mea confirmavi Roberto ap Gwynn et Johanni filio eiusdem Roberti\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etotam terram meam cum omnibus suis pertinentiis in villa et campo cum pratis pasturis et omnibus aliis commoditatibus et hereditamentis\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehabendum et tenendum predictam terram cum pertinentiis prefatis Roberto et Johanni heredibus et assignatis suis de me et heredibus meis\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereddendo inde annuatim mihi et heredibus meis unum [redditum] ad festum Omnium Sanctorum pro omnibus serviciis consuetudinibus et demandis\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEt ego vero Thomas et heredes mei predictam terram cum pertinentiis prefatis Roberto et Johanni contra omnes gentes warrantizabimus imperpetuum\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHiis testibus [—names—]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDatum in festo Omnium Sanctorum anno regni regis Henrici quarti [—year—]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTranslation (Clean)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“Know all present and future that I, Thomas ap Gwynn, of the parish of Skeyne, have given, granted, and by this my present charter confirmed to Robert ap Gwynn and John, his son, all my land with all its appurtenances in village and field, with meadows, pastures, and all other rights and hereditaments.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo have and to hold the aforesaid land… to them and their heirs…\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRendering annually one rent at the Feast of All Saints for all services and demands.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnd I, the said Thomas… will warrant the said land… forever.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWitnesses…\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGiven on the Feast of All Saints in the reign of King Henry IV.”\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey Historical Takeaways\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Family Transfer (Important)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis is not a sale to outsiders—it’s:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThomas → Robert (likely relative)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRobert → his son John\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThat’s a multi-generational Welsh family land consolidation\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. Welsh Identity Confirmed\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“ap Gwynn” is unmistakably Welsh.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis places the document in:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWelsh Marches (Herefordshire \/ Shropshire \/ Monmouthshire)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eor\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWales proper\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. Date Window (Now Firm)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBecause of:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFeast: All Saints (Nov 1)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReign: Henry IV of England\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate = Nov 1, sometime between 1399–1413\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWith script style:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMost likely c. 1400–1410\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout “Skeyne” \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe parish name appears as:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“parochia de Skeyn(e)”\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis is likely a phonetic\/Latinized spelling, possibly:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSkene \/ Sken \/ Skyne\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCould correspond to a lost or variant medieval parish name. We cannot be certain.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeal - original attached\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGenuine medieval wax (not later)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eProbably a personal seal (non-noble)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWorn → limits heraldic identification\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Signature Documents LLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52263588757786,"sku":"EB-327126186757","price":1765.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_1a0948d0-25cc-49e4-bafa-c300ccc72b9a.jpg?v=1779367170","url":"https:\/\/princetonaudubonprints.com\/en-ca\/products\/c-1400-medieval-english-charter-henry-iv","provider":"Signature Documents LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}