{"product_id":"1778-french-bill-of-exchange-protest","title":"1778 French Bill Of Exchange Protest","description":"\u003cp\u003e1778 Century French Bill of Exchange Protest Notarial Commercial Manuscript\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOriginal French Merchant Finance Document – Lettre de Change\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOffered is an original eighteenth-century French manuscript concerning a lettre de change (bill of exchange) and its formal protest for non-acceptance or non-payment.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWritten entirely in French cursive legal hand, the document records the presentation of a bill of exchange, the refusal of acceptance, and the subsequent notarial protest preserving legal rights against the parties involved.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript contains numerous references to:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLettre de change (bill of exchange)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRefus d'acceptation\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtestation\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMerchants and commercial obligations\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLegal notices and attestations\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiple signatures and endorsements\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe reverse contains additional docketing and legal annotations recording the matter for future reference.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSuch documents formed the legal backbone of European commerce during the eighteenth century and are tangible survivors of the financial system that supported trade before modern banking.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDetails\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOriginal French manuscript\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCirca 1770–1800\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommercial law document\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBill of exchange protest\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNotarial financial record\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiple signatures\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIron-gall manuscript ink\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFour pages of text\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExcellent genealogical and research potential\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCondition\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGood original condition with expected fold wear, age toning, and minor edge losses. Ink remains strong and the manuscript is fully displayable.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistorical Significance\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn attractive and highly collectible example of eighteenth-century European commerce documenting the legal enforcement of a dishonored bill of exchange. An excellent addition to collections of French history, banking history, merchant trade, legal manuscripts, and early financial documents.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Signature Documents LLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52322996879642,"sku":"EB-327199159509","price":460.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_07b3c60e-053d-4e98-bc05-c741fc09b07b.jpg?v=1780796564","url":"https:\/\/princetonaudubonprints.com\/en-ca\/products\/1778-french-bill-of-exchange-protest","provider":"Signature Documents LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}