{"title":"Historic Documents","description":"\u003cp\u003eArchive Authority’s Historic Documents collection features authentic manuscripts, letters, legal papers, financial records, government documents, military records, and other original archival materials that provide firsthand evidence of historical events and everyday life across centuries. Spanning subjects such as colonial America, the Revolutionary and Civil Wars, politics, commerce, transportation, genealogy, and social history, these documents offer researchers and collectors direct connections to the people, institutions, and events that shaped the past. Many items bear original signatures, handwritten annotations, official seals, or period markings that enhance their historical significance and provenance. Emphasizing originality, preservation, and educational value, the collection appeals to historians, genealogists, museums, educators, and collectors seeking genuine primary-source artifacts that bring history to life.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"1976-ltd-ed-reproduction-of-1819-binns-copy-of-declaration-of-independence","title":"1976 Ltd Ed. reproduction of 1819 Binns copy of Declaration of Independence","description":"\u003cdiv\u003eMeasurement: 20 3\/4 x 30 1\/2\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eLimited edition\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eHandmade paper with deckled edges\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis decorative copy of the Declaration of Independence measures approximately 21\" x 31\" framed and was published 1819 - ?. Engraved by William Woodruff and published by O. Rogers of Philadelphia, PA, it features the title in ornamental script and text in a uniform round hand within an ornamental border bearing the state seals in medallions and portraits of Washington, Jefferson and Adams. The complete text of the Declaration of Independence is featured within the border as is facsimile signatures of the Declaration's signers.\u003cbr\u003eThis copy is a close imitation of the John Binns copy which, according to Binns, was stolen by Woodruff while he was employed in the shop of George Murray the man hired by Binns to carry out the ornamental part of the engraving. Binns sued Woodruff in a federal court however the court decided that the case was outside its jurisdiction. Woodruff then went ahead and published his print before Binns.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis copy is printed from the original plate with signatures engraved in facsimile and includes Woodruff's imprint as well as the printer's credit \"Phila. Published by O. Rogers, No 67 South 2nd St. Philad.\" At the bottom of the document it reads \"To the People of the United States this engraving of the Declaration of Independence is most respectfully inscribed by their fellow citizen Wm. Woodruff\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51268676354330,"sku":"EB-326692648011","price":425.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_2c038c01-6fed-45b1-93fc-6fb86bca740a.jpg?v=1761934381"},{"product_id":"indenture-during-reign-of-king-george","title":"Indenture During Reign Of King George","description":"\u003cp\u003e1780 Indenture\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e23 3\/4 x 15 inches\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFront and back shown\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWax Seals intact\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis indenture is a historical legal document, likely a deed of bargain and sale, created on October 14, 1780, during the reign of King George the Third of Great Britain. An indenture is a legally binding contract between two or more parties, often used for real estate transactions, and this document pertains to the sale of \"ffrosemarsheland\" in the parishes of Folkestone and Rovington in the County of Kent. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe parties involved in the agreement are:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRichard Marsh, a yeoman from Upereile in the parish of Folkestone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdam Castle, a yeoman from Scope in the parish of Folkestone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWilliam Reynolds, of the town of Folkestone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJohn Hart, a mariner of the town of Folkestone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe document records that Marsh, Castle, and Reynolds, in exchange for five shillings, have bargained and sold to John Hart \"those pieces or parcels of ffrosemarsheland commonly called or known by the name of the Welock\". The land is estimated to be 54 acres, located near a \"certain Level called Romney Marsh,\" and was formerly in the tenure of an individual named Smith. The document also details the various rights and appurtenances associated with the land, including \"ways paths passages Waters Watercourses,\" and a commitment by the buyer to pay a yearly rent of one peppercorn on the last day of the term if demanded. The seals on the document, a common feature of legal records from this period, serve as a form of authenticity and verification of identity. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51381080457498,"sku":"EB-326841660146","price":1125.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_3f26ba54-f391-4758-a40b-5582180ced2d.jpg?v=1764382358"},{"product_id":"revolutionary-war-era-massachusetts-bay-deed","title":"Revolutionary War Era Massachusetts Bay Deed","description":"\u003cp\u003eRevolutionary Era Deed\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1777-1778\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e16 1\/2 x 13 inches\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCondition: Fair due to staining at folds.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis document is an original Massachusetts land deed from the Revolutionary War era, dated 1777. It is a partially printed legal document with handwritten details recording the sale of property in Gloucester. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eType of Document: Land Deed (likely a warranty deed, a common form used for sales where title is guaranteed).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate: The main body is dated the twelfth day of September 1777, and mentions the second year of American independence. There is a later handwritten attestation dated March 4th, 1778.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocation: Gloucester, in the County of Essex, within the State of Massachusetts Bay.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrantor (Seller): Nathan Whipple.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrantee (Buyer): Jonathan Whipple.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConsideration: The sum of ninety-nine pounds paid in hand.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eProperty Description: The land is described as \"arable and pasture\" and mentions a spring of \"living water\" and a walnut tree as boundary markers.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWitnesses: Signatures at the bottom appear to be Joshua Norwood and Winthrop Norton. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistorical Context\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe use of the term \"State of Massachusetts Bay\" is notable, as it predates the adoption of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Constitution in 1780. Land records from this period are vital for establishing property ownership and often provide important genealogical clues. Such historical documents from the Revolutionary War period are collectible due to their age and historical significance. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51381824061722,"sku":"EB-326883431382","price":225.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_1a76ff6a-7817-41e1-9b92-8cfd45d87a1a.jpg?v=1764388141"},{"product_id":"the-london-chronicle-nov-26-29-1796","title":"The London Chronicle, Nov. 26-29, 1796","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe London Chronicle 1796\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePages 11 1\/2 x 8 1\/2 inches \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEight pages\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7-8 tear and paper loss as shown. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe London Chronicle newspaper, dated from Saturday, November 26, to Tuesday, November 29, 1796. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe London Chronicle was an early, influential, thrice-weekly newspaper in Georgian London, first introduced in 1756. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt contained both world and national news, as well as coverage of artistic, literary, and theatrical events. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe issue in the image contains dispatches from Robert Craufurd, Esq., to Lord Grenville regarding military movements and engagements in Europe, specifically involving the Archduke Charles of Austria and French forces.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe newspaper is a valuable primary source for historical events of the era, including the Revolutionary War and the French Revolution\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51381829861658,"sku":"EB-326883454238","price":275.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_2b6bfab4-b81d-40ea-94a6-cfc6000d749d.jpg?v=1764388213"},{"product_id":"300-year-old-pennsylvania-colonial-era-document","title":"300 Year Old Pennsylvania Colonial Era Document","description":"\u003cp\u003eFour 8 x 13 inch folded pages in good condition.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStamps and seals intact \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis document is a legal instrument, specifically a power of attorney, dated July 19, 1721. The document appoints an agent to manage affairs on behalf of the principal. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Summary\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe main purpose of the document is for the \"Rotten merchant,\" acting on behalf of herself and as the heir of her deceased husband Benjamin Keely, to formally name and appoint another person as her attorney. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate: July 19, 1721.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrincipal: The merchant \"Belle\" in Rotterdam (part of text is hard to read), acting also for the estate of her late husband Benjamin Keely.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAgent (Attorney): Benjamin Theissen, a merchant of Whitshill in Derbyshire.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePurpose: To \"ask, demand and receive\" from a Mr. John Bernay Sprogall of Whitshill, or from any trustees or assignees managing Mr. Sprogall's goods\/estate, any sums of money, charges, or damages owed. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis document is a This type of document was a common legal tool used for managing finances and legal matters across different locations when travel was difficult, allowing an agent to act on the principal's behalf.  legal instrument, specifically a power of attorney and possibly related to an estate settlement or debt collection in Pennsylvania, dated and recorded in October 1722. The text appears to be a manuscript copy of an official record, likely from the area of modern-day Berks or Lebanon County. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eType: Power of Attorney and Acquittance\/Discharge document.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocation: Mentions \"Pensilvania\" and \"Rotterdam,\" suggesting a transatlantic connection, likely involving Dutch or German immigrants.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate: The main document appears to have been signed around or before October 1713, 1714, and 1715, related to payments, while an appended sworn affirmation by a witness is dated October 24, 1722.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey Individuals: Names mentioned include Thomas Freieman (deceased), P. Benjamin Tusly, Schilpext De Engers, Peter Eighend, and Jacob Lyn.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinancial Details: The document mentions a sum of \"Two hundred fifty five pounds proclamatione Money of Pensilvania\". \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eContent Summary\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe document formally grants \"full and lawfull power and authority\" to a designated attorney to manage a legal or financial matter, specifically to make compositions, agreements, seal discharges or acquittances, sue and defend in court, and generally act as the principal would if personally present for the recovery of a \"Constit[uent's] due\". \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn appended note at the bottom, signed by \"Men fra\" and \"Willem Fis,\" affirms that on October 24, 1722, the \"oldest Sworn Shelgert \u0026amp; Richele Sye\" appeared and swore before an official that the \"above Instrument\" was signed in their presence. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis type of record reflects the complex legal environment of early 18th-century Pennsylvania, which was rapidly developing its own judicial system and dealing with significant immigration and land disputes. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51407024292122,"sku":"EB-326892346144","price":900.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_96ecc576-7b4a-4d47-bdab-a00fdc090ba9.jpg?v=1764639075"},{"product_id":"elegant-1875-pennsylvania-commission-signed-by-governor","title":"Elegant 1875 Pennsylvania Commission Signed By Governor","description":"\u003cp\u003e16 x 17 inches\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eParchment\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis document is a Justice of the Peace commission for Daniel Wentz of Carbon County, Pennsylvania, dated March 13, 1875. The commission was issued and signed by John F. Hartranft, who served as the Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania at the time. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Type: Commission appointing a Justice of the Peace.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAppointee: Daniel Wentz.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocation: Borough of Pottsville, in the County of Carbon, Pennsylvania.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGovernor (Signee): John F. Hartranft, Governor of Pennsylvania from 1873 to 1879.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecretary of the Commonwealth (Countersignee): M.S. Quay (Matthew Stanley Quay), who later became the Chairman of the Pennsylvania Republican Party.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate of Issue: Thirteenth day of March, 1875.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTerm of Office: Five years from the date of issue.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeal: Features a large, circular blue wax seal with the state coat of arms. The document also includes an embossed seal in the lower-left corner.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51407029403930,"sku":"EB-326892370295","price":300.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_48e5955d-94fb-4a6e-b351-953d90406a2d.jpg?v=1764639169"},{"product_id":"columbian-centinel-newspaper-march-19-1794","title":"Columbian Centinel Newspaper, March 19, 1794","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is an original issue of the Columbian Centinel newspaper, dated December 20, 1794. The specific issue is Whole No. 1043, and No. 3 of Vol. XXII. It was \"Printed and published... by BENJAMIN RUSSELL, in State-Street, Boston (Massachusetts)\". \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey Content\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAct of Congress: A significant portion of the front page is dedicated to reprinting an Act of Congress titled, \"An Act in alteration of the act establishing a mint and regulating the Coins of the United States\". This act is signed in a script-type font with \"Go. Washington, Prest of the United Stat\".\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eForeign News: The paper contains news from Europe, including \"Events favourable to the French in Aust.\" and dispatches from Strasbourg and Frankfort. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51416478810394,"sku":"EB-326895821043","price":375.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_12c078e8-9c21-4670-864d-8076cedefa36.jpg?v=1764813275"},{"product_id":"king-george-iii-signed-gibralter-document-1763","title":"King George III Signed Gibralter Document 1763","description":"\u003cp\u003e11 x 18 1\/2 inches\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis original document is a formal, handwritten order or warrant dated December 30, 1763, issued in the fourth year of the monarch's reign.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey points:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Deduction of Funds: The document authorizes the deduction of one pence out of every twenty shillings for the \"Minion \u0026amp; Garrison of Gibraltar\" [1].\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Fee Payment: The recipient is instructed to pay fees to officers of the Exchequer from these funds [1].\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Fund Application: The remainder of the deductions is to be applied toward dispatching the Royal Regiment of Artillery to Chelmsford, covering incidental charges, and paying the salaries of the Paymaster General and other officers [1].\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Accounting: The recipient must keep a strict account to be presented to the High Treasurer or Commissioners of the Treasury [1].\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Addressee: The order is addressed to the \"Right trusty and Welbeloved Councellor Henry lord Holland, Paymaster General of Our Guards, Garrisons, and Land Forces in Great Britain and Forces abroad\" [1].\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Signatures: The document appears to be signed by \"Northe Athos\" and \"Jams Harris\" [\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Issuing Authority: The order is given \"By His Majesty's Command\" and addressed to \"Our Right Trusty and Rightwelbeloved Councellor pointly Lord Holland, Paymaster General of Our Guards, Garrisons, and Land Forces in Great Britain and Forces abroad. And to the Paymaster General of Our said Forces for the time being\". \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Subject Matter: It details the deduction of \"one peneant out of every Twenty Shillings\" from pay for the \"Establishment of our Forces in our Island of Menorcaland Garrison of Gibraltar\". \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Fund Allocation: The funds raised from this deduction are to be applied towards the \"dispatch of our Royal Regiments at Minorca \u0026amp; Gibraltar\", covering \"incident and other Charges of your Office of Paymaster General of Our Forces, for your own and your under Officers salaries, and for such other Uses relating to Our Service as We shall think necessary\". \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Accounting: The Paymaster General is instructed to keep a \"district Account or writing, to be laid before Us, Our High Treasurer or Commissioners of Our Treasury for the time being\".\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51416478941466,"sku":"EB-326896971307","price":4275.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_1d9606a2-7980-4f64-9980-d8f37f03eded.jpg?v=1764813278"},{"product_id":"1775-yoeman-indenture-with-seal-from-reign-of-king-george-iii","title":"1775 Yoeman Indenture With Seal From Reign Of King George III","description":"\u003cp\u003eDocument Type: English property deed (indenture)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExact Year: 1775\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKing Named: George III\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eParties: Thomas Moss \u0026amp; Francis Budden, both yeomen\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePurpose: Paid land transfer\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge: ~250 years old\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasures 20 x 16 inches \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e(Note the actual wavy indent at top from which the word indenture comes from) \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt is from the reign of:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKing George III – 15th regnal year = 1775\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeal intact\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFolds on back taped in several areas. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThat is exactly the year the American Revolutionary War began. The product is a 1775 Yoeman Indenture with seal from the reign of King George III. This historical document likely involves a contract or agreement between a Yoeman (a common laborer) and another party during this specific period of British history. The seal adds authenticity and adds to the collectible aspect of this piece, making it a valuable antique for those interested in manuscripts and historical artifacts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eText: “This Indenture made the [—] day of September in the fifteenth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third by the Grace of God King of Great Britain France and Ireland Defender of the Faith \u0026amp;c Between Thomas Moss of the parish of [—] in the County of [—] yeoman of the one part and Francis Budden of the parish of [—] in the County of [—] yeoman of the other part Witnesseth that the said Thomas Moss for and in consideration of the sum of [—] lawful money of Great Britain to him in hand paid by the said Francis Budden at or before the sealing and delivery of these presents the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged…”\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51416479105306,"sku":"EB-326897470099","price":1250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_c3f45ddd-4f99-406d-989e-576feeab9c87.jpg?v=1764813281"},{"product_id":"fascinating-french-revolutionary-era-document-signed-by-marquis-de-lafayette","title":"Fascinating French Revolutionary–era document Signed By Marquis De Lafayette","description":"\u003cp\u003eA formal Revolutionary military promotion endorsement\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSigned by Lafayette during active command\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAddressed to Rochambeau’s authority system\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIssued during the exact year the French monarchy was collapsing (1791)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis places it in the most important collectible period of French history.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e13 x 8 1\/4 inches\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo buyers premium \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate: 1791 (clearly visible at top)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocation: Paris\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eContent Type:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA formal letter of recommendation \/ military appointment support\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eContext:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRevolutionary France, National Guard \/ military service\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eName “Lafayette” appears as a recommending authority, alongside other officials.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis places it directly in:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe peak of Lafayette’s political influence\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe French Revolution (pre-Terror period)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhich is the most desirable period for collectors\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eCondition: Heavy paper wear\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEdge losses \/ separation\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStaining and ink fading\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiple folds\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eArchival condition is fair–good\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation: Paris, 15 June 1791\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe, the undersigned, certify that, after various circumstances, we found nothing but good conduct on the part of Citizen Constant Théodore Joseph Dufour (or Gosuin), former non-commissioned officer of the National Guard of Avranches, son of Colonel Commandant of the same Guard.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis citizen, having served for several years with zeal and integrity, has been granted the honorable discharge of officer by virtue of the decrees which promote noble conduct.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe law having removed the obstacles that formerly prevented him, he now desires to embrace a station that is worthy of his principles; and having given constant proof of good conduct, he is deserving of public confidence.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHis brother has also served with evident zeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eI therefore take the liberty of particularly recommending him to the kindness of Monsieur de Rochambeau, the said Constant Théodore Joseph Dufour, whose conduct and patriotism I know well, and whom I consider entirely suitable to fill one of the vacant positions in the line regiments.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt Paris, the 3rd of July, 1791.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt the lower right:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eI certify that he has served several campaigns, with zeal and devotion to the military service, and that he has distinguished himself by a conduct worthy of the greatest praise.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt the Assembly of the Department\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eSignatories: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSignature: “Lafayette”\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistorical Importance:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommander of the National Guard of Paris\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHero of the American Revolution\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne of the central figures of the French Revolution\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDrafter of the Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789) with Jefferson’s influence\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRole Here:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePersonal endorsement and recommendation of a soldier for advancement\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis is a direct official autograph during his peak of power\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, Comte de Rochambeau\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferred to as: “Monsieur de Rochambeau”\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistorical Importance:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommander of French forces sent to America\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCo-victor with George Washington at Yorktown (1781)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne of the most important French generals in U.S. history\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRole Here:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe officer to whom Lafayette is recommending the candidate\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. Departmental \u0026amp; Guard Officials\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeveral additional officials sign below Lafayette, including:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA Department of the National Assembly official\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA Captain of Grenadiers\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA National Guard commander\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhile their exact full identities require archival comparison, they are clearly:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSenior Revolutionary military administrators\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot private citizens\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eActing under National Assembly authority\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51425056686362,"sku":"EB-326899046495","price":47500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_e9dd2171-c261-4e7c-a55c-094bd8a0bbcc.jpg?v=1764946094"},{"product_id":"1810-land-patent-from-commonwealth-of-pennsylvania","title":"1810 Land Patent From Commonwealth Of Pennsylvania","description":"\u003cp\u003eMeasures 21 x 12 with seal intact.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis document is a land patent issued by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to Frederick Kages on August 31, 1810. It was signed by John Cochran as the Secretary of the Land Office. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eType: A partially printed land patent (grant\/deed) on parchment\/vellum.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrantee: Frederick Kages, a weaver from Northumberland County, Pennsylvania.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOriginal Warrantee: Henry Chlent.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocation: A tract of land called \"Fredericksburg Survey\" in Watermelon Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcreage: The patent grants two tracts of land, totaling one hundred one acres and forty-four perches, with an allowance of six percent for roads.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTerms: The land is granted \"free and clear of all Restrictions and Reservations, as to Mines, Royalties, Quit-rents, or otherwise, excepting and reserving only the fifth part of all Gold and Silver Ore, for the use of this free and ATTEST Commonwealth, to be delivered at the Pit's Mouth, clear of all Charges\".\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate: The document is dated the thirty-first day of August, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and one, and of the Commonwealth the twenty-fifth.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSignatures:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSigned by \"John Cochran\" as Secretary of the Land-office.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSigned by \"Crain\" (likely Deputy Surveyor General).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnrollment: Enrolled in Patent Book M5, page 315. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe form of the document, which begins with the phrase \"To all to whom these Presents shall come, GREETING. KNOW YE,\" was a standard legal format for land grants in the period following the American Revolution, when the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania took over land distribution from the Penn family. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51425424900378,"sku":"EB-326900316757","price":350.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_c84b878a-e111-496a-bb9d-83237c94d06c.jpg?v=1764959343"},{"product_id":"pennsylvania-land-patent-1827","title":"Pennsylvania Land Patent 1827","description":"\u003cp\u003eMeasures 20 1\/2 x 12 1\/2 on vellum\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis document is a land patent issued by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on May 1, 1827, to Andrew Chrissmyer. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrantee: The land was granted to Andrew Chrissmyer (sometimes spelled Chrissmeyer in the document).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocation: The tract of land is described by metes and bounds, mentioning adjoining landowners such as Christian Friesay, Adam Zachart, Michael Cron, and Michael Sheaffe. It contains fifty-three acres and thirty perches.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReservations: The patent is \"FREE AND CLEAR of all Restrictions and Reservations, as to Mines, Royalties, Quit-rents, or otherwise, excepting and reserving only the fifth part of all Gold and Silver Ore, for the use of this COMMONWEALTH to be delivered at the Pit's mouth, clear of all charges\".\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSignatures: The document was signed by Joshua Mclhasen, Secretary of the Land Office, and attested by another individual, with the Seal of the Land Office of Pennsylvania affixed.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecording: The patent was enrolled in \"Patent Book H. vol. 24, page 302\". \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistorical Context\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLand patents were official documents used by states (and later the federal government) to transfer ownership of public land to individuals.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51425425031450,"sku":"EB-326900330206","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_5e0d42b6-09cb-4451-897c-9dd6cc996af2.jpg?v=1764959346"},{"product_id":"pennsylvania-land-patent-1829","title":"Pennsylvania Land Patent 1829","description":"\u003cp\u003eMeasures 20 1\/2 x 13 on vellum\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis document is a Pennsylvania land patent (grant) dated December 10, 1829. It officially grants a tract of land in Northumberland County to Joseph Wallis and Catharine Leont, following an earlier survey for John Boyd. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrantors: The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrantees: Joseph Wallis and Catharine Leont.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOriginal Warrant Holder: John Boyd.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate: The tenth day of December, in the year one thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocation: Situated in Turbot Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTotal Area: The tract contains four hundred and twenty-six acres and one hundred and thirty-seven perches. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey Provisions\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTerms: The land is granted \"FREE AND CLEAR of all Restrictions and Reservations, as to Mines, Royalties, Quit-rents, or otherwise\".\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReservation: The document explicitly reserves \"only the fifth part of all Gold and Silver Ore, for the use of this COMMONWEALTH, to be delivered at the Pitt's mouth, clear of all charges\". This was a common clause in early Pennsylvania land grants.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSignatures\/Enrollment: The document is signed by a Deputy Secretary of the Land Office, Nich. Main, and enrolled in Patent Book H.H. Vol. 16, page 299. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51425425195290,"sku":"EB-326900336572","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_8d091585-e806-43dc-a8f2-a8313af7ba16.jpg?v=1764959349"},{"product_id":"colonial-era-indenture-1686-philadelphia-mulberry-and-arch-street","title":"Colonial Era Indenture, 1686, Philadelphia, Mulberry And Arch Street","description":"\u003cp\u003eMeasuring 15 x 22 inches on velum \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis is a colonial-era manuscript document, specifically an indenture or deed, dated May 25, 1686, with an affirmation from 1773. It outlines the sale of a piece of ground in the City of Philadelphia from Mary Pound to David Chambers. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe document describes the sale of land \"within Third Street\" and \"half of Mulberry Street\" in the \"City of Philadelphia\".\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt was signed and delivered in the presence of witnesses James Claypoole and Matthew Clarkson.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn affirmation from May 25, 1773, by Joseph Growden, confirms Mary Pound's signature and delivery of the indenture as her act and deed.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe land was originally purchased by Thomas Paschall in May 1686.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTranslation\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Indenture Made the twenty fifth year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord James the Second, King of England, etc., and in the year of our Lord One thousand Six hundred and Eighty six. Between Mary Pound, late of the City of Shila of Fort and David Chambers of the Same City Upholster \u0026amp; Thomas Paschall, late of the City of Bristol Merchant of the one part, and the said David Chambers of the other part.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhereas Thomas Paschall purchased and sold of that growing Colony within Third Street. The 8th day of the 14th of the 1 month, 1686\/7. Settlement Game Writing, She died the same to be find indenture witnesseth that the said Mary Pound, hath third street fifty five feet square feet to the said David Chambers his heirs and assigns by these presents in manner following. That is to say that the said Mary Pound hath in herself good rights full power lawful \u0026amp; absolute authority to grant, bargain, sell, alien, enfeoff, release, and convey, the said piece of ground \u0026amp; premises with the appurtenances \u0026amp; every part and parcel thereof, unto the said David Chambers his heirs \u0026amp; assigns according to the true intent \u0026amp; meaning of these presents.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo Have \u0026amp; To Hold the said piece of ground and premises with their appurtenances thereof, unto the use benefit \u0026amp; behoofs of the said David Chambers his heirs and assigns for ever.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSealed \u0026amp; Delivered in the presence of James Claypoole, Matthew Clarkson.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe twenty fifth day of May in the year of our Lord One thousand Seven hundred and Seventy three before me, one of his Majesty's Justices of the peace for the County of Philadelphia, came Joseph Growden Esquire and upon his solemn affirmation according to law, being one of the people called Quakers, did affirm and say that he was personally present and did see the above named Mary Pound Seal and as her act and deed deliver the above Indenture, and that the name of him this Affirmant thereunder subscribed as witness of the execution of the same is of his own proper hand writing. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal. Matthew Clarkson\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51429237621018,"sku":"EB-326900619454","price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_9a70a85f-b96e-46d7-838e-27be325fe90f.jpg?v=1765050427"},{"product_id":"civil-war-confederate-general-orders-1862","title":"Civil War Confederate General Orders, 1862","description":"\u003cp\u003eConfederate General Order March 27, 1862\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConservation framing\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument 5 x 8 inches\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrame 20 x 14 inches\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis framed document is Confederate War Department General Orders No. 17, dated March 27, 1862, from Richmond, Virginia, signed by Adjutant and Inspector General S. Cooper. It outlines regulations for the Confederate Army regarding arms, equipment requisitions, officer travel, and property returns. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRank and file soldiers are prohibited from carrying unauthorized side arms; dismounted troops must turn theirs in for compensation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNew requisitions for arms or equipment require proof that previous items were condemned by a board of survey.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOfficers below the rank of Commanding General must use correspondence for official business rather than traveling to the government seat in person.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCompany and commanding officers must submit quarterly returns of clothing, camp, and garrison equipage to the Quartermaster General.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51450240565530,"sku":"EB-326909173869","price":325.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_1884c659-274a-45f2-bf42-7729cb7d8e84.jpg?v=1765549917"},{"product_id":"thomas-mckean-autograph-letter-signed-circa-1780-last-signer-of-declaration","title":"Thomas McKean Autograph Letter Signed circa 1780, Last Signer Of Declaration","description":"\u003cp\u003eMcKean, Thomas (Signer of Declaration of Independence) Autograph letter, to his attorney Mr. Oliver. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasures 6 x 9 inches  on folded paper.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe requests a codicil to his will concerning his son Thomas. “He has trifled and does not pay the money he is bound to pay me.”\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eLawyer-jurist Thomas McKean stands out from the other signers in a variety of ways. He was the last to pen his signature to the Declaration, sometime after January 18, 1777. He figured prominently in two states, Delaware and Pennsylvania. He also subscribed to the Articles of Confederation, and he served a long tour in Congress.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51450240663834,"sku":"EB-326909405035","price":1950.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_d9288388-5680-42bf-a37d-6a6a6ccd26e8.jpg?v=1765549920"},{"product_id":"executive-order-45-from-abraham-lincoln-may-1-1862","title":"Executive Order 45 From Abraham Lincoln May 1, 1862","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis framed display features a historical U.S. Senate document from May 1, 1862, concerning the controversial arrest of Brigadier General Stone, along with a portrait of President Abraham Lincoln. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument itself 5 3\/4 x 9 inches\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrame measures 16 1\/2 x 13 3\/4\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStaining on document as shown\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Official Executive Document No. 45\". \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eContent: The message is a response from President Lincoln to a Senate resolution of April 21, in relation to the \"arrest of Brigadier General Stone\". Lincoln states the general was arrested and imprisoned under presidential authority \"for the public safety\", and assures the Senate that Stone will be afforded every facility for his defense by the War Department.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistorical Context: Brigadier General Charles P. Stone was arrested in February 1862 after the Union defeat at the Battle of Ball's Bluff. Though the primary blame lay with another officer who died in the battle, Stone became the scapegoat for the Union defeat and was imprisoned without charges for over six months, a controversial episode involving the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate: The document is dated May 1, 1862, from the Executive Mansion in Washington, and was read in the Senate and ordered to lie on the table and be printed on May 2. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDisplay Information\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe items are housed in a decorative frame with a plaque at the bottom identifying the document and date.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51450240794906,"sku":"EB-326909434526","price":975.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_d44d61a5-a1dd-4416-99bb-a22012a5e7ba.jpg?v=1765549922"},{"product_id":"1709-issue-of-the-tatler","title":"1709 Issue Of The Tatler","description":"\u003cp\u003eFramed with back of page also displayed\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument 7 3\/4 x 13 3\/4  inches\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrame 20 1\/4 x 14 1\/4 inches\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Tatler, a British literary and society journal published in the early 18th century. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey Information\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAuthorship and Persona: The paper was founded by Richard Steele who wrote under the pseudonym of Isaac Bickerstaff Esq. Joseph Addison also contributed a significant number of essays to the publication.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIssue Details: The sheet is issue Number 83 and was published \"From Tuesday October 18. to Thursday October 20. 1709.\".\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eContent: This specific issue contains an essay on Bickerstaff's observations of his readers' interpretations of his work in a coffee house, and two letters from female readers (\"Maria\" and another unnamed woman) expressing their affection for his writing and character, not his physical appearance.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistorical Context: The Tatler was published three times weekly and represented a new approach to journalism, mixing real gossip with invented stories to comment on contemporary manners and correct middle-class behavior. It established a pattern for later British classics like The Spectator. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51450240893210,"sku":"EB-326909568001","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_c1796a6a-2071-4c25-931f-f85819907c2f.jpg?v=1765549926"},{"product_id":"1777-pennsylvania-currency-display-printed-by-dunlap","title":"1777 Pennsylvania Currency Display Printed By Dunlap","description":"\u003cp\u003eFrame measures 18 1\/2 x 15 1\/2\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConservation framing \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAuthentic piece of colonial currency from Pennsylvania printed by John Dunlap in 1777, paired with a print of the famous painting The Spirit of '76 by Archibald Willard. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eItem Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eColonial Currency: The note is a 3 shillings bill issued on April 10, 1777, by an Act of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. John Dunlap, the printer of the first broadside copies of the Declaration of Independence, printed these notes. The reverse of the note includes the warning, \"To Counterfeit is Death\".\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51450241024282,"sku":"EB-326909584512","price":650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_d956fb51-28c6-4685-921d-932420c475f0.jpg?v=1765549928"},{"product_id":"1796-letter-initialed-by-napoleon","title":"1796 Letter Initialed By Napoleon","description":"\u003cp\u003e1796 Letter Initialed By Napoleon. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLetter 8 x 9 1\/4 inches\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFolded\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExcellent condition\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrame measures 22 x 17\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDescriptive provenance on back.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis is a letter signed by French commander Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, dated January 11, 1796, and addressed to \"Majesty the Emperor\". It is a military report regarding troop deployments and logistical requests during the French Revolutionary Wars. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eInitialed by Napoleon at upper left.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Sender: Gouvion Saint-Cyr, a future Marshal of France. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Recipient: The Emperor (Napoleon Bonaparte, though the title was not formally used until later). \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Date: January 11, 1796. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Content: The letter discusses the positioning of two Corsican companies and a request for additional chasseurs (light infantry). \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eTranslation \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReport for Majesty the Emperor \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJanuary 11, 1796 \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFollowing Your Majesty's orders, I ordered Mr. Gianus [?] to gather 80 men present in their arms from two Corsican companies. These orders came to me to be brought back to the point, but I refuse to bring people from Langnau as instructed, and I think it is not convenient to have more chasseurs. I ask you to have them come from Langnau rather than have them employed as chasseurs. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e[Signed] Gouvion Saint-Cyr\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51450378584346,"sku":"EB-326910622775","price":6500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_867bbd72-1785-45e7-91bd-8405d6147fed.jpg?v=1765555672"},{"product_id":"new-jersey-colonial-currency","title":"New Jersey Colonial Currency","description":"\u003cp\u003eFramed display measures 20 1\/2 x 16 1\/2 inches\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFelted rear display of currency \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe framed note is a piece of New Jersey colonial currency issued on March 25, 1776, just months before the Declaration of Independence. These notes were issued by the colonies to finance local expenses and the Revolutionary War effort. The currency in the image is (Fifteen shillings) a note from a series that includes denominations such as 1, 3, 6, 12, 15, and 30 shillings, as well as 3 and 6 pounds. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrinter: These notes were printed by Isaac Collins in Burlington, New Jersey.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecurity: To deter counterfeiting, the notes often featured intricate borders and the warning \"To Counterfeit is Death\". \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51450379370778,"sku":"EB-326910678518","price":850.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_35368bad-31bd-4668-b5a9-4899148ee534.jpg?v=1765555677"},{"product_id":"document-signed-by-queen-victoria-canada-warrant-seal-intact","title":"Document Signed By Queen Victoria, Canada Warrant, Seal Intact","description":"\u003cp\u003eDocument measures 15 3\/4 x 12 1\/2\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis document is a Royal Warrant from Queen Victoria, and signed by her, dated April 2, 1841, appointing C. D. Day as a member of the Executive Council of the Province of Canada. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate: The document is dated the \"second day of April 1841\" in the \"Fourth Year of Our Reign\" (Queen Victoria's reign began in June 1837).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAppointee: The warrant names C. D. Day Esquire, due to the Crown being \"well satisfied of the Loyalty Integrity and Ability\".\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAppointing Authority: The appointment is made \"By Her Majesty's Command\".\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eContext: The appointment was for the newly unified Province of Canada, which was created by the Act of Union of 1840 and came into effect in February 1841, uniting Upper and Lower Canada into a single political entity. The document mentions the Right Honorable Charles, Baron Sydenham, who was the first Governor General of the Province of Canada. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eCharles Dewey Day (1806–1884) was a prominent Canadian lawyer, politician, judge, and educational figure. The document you provided is a key early appointment in his distinguished career in the newly formed Province of Canada. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCareer Overview\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEarly Life and Legal Career: Born in Vermont, Day moved to Montreal, Lower Canada, with his family in 1812. He was called to the bar in 1827 and practiced law, primarily representing lumber merchants in the Ottawa Valley.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolitical Appointments: He was appointed Solicitor General of Lower Canada in 1840 to the Special Council that governed the province after the Rebellions. Following the Act of Union in 1841, he was elected to the first Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and served in the Executive Council as Solicitor General.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJudicial Service: Day resigned from politics in 1842 to become a judge on the Court of Queen's Bench of Lower Canada. He was later appointed to the Superior Court in 1850.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLegal Codification and Commissions: He was a central figure in Canadian legal history, serving on the commission that drafted the Civil Code of Lower Canada, which was enacted in 1866. He was also appointed to the federal royal commission in 1873 that investigated the \"Pacific Scandal,\" a major political scandal that led to the downfall of Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald's government.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducation: Day was a dedicated promoter of education throughout his life. He was involved with McGill College for decades, serving as acting principal and becoming the first Chancellor of McGill University from 1864 until his death in 1884. He was instrumental in establishing the McGill Law School. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCharles Dewey Day died while visiting England in January 1884. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51450949009690,"sku":"EB-326910718916","price":3875.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_153effed-2002-406a-9fa1-265d1e916315.jpg?v=1765571191"},{"product_id":"thomas-lee-signed-1743-document","title":"Thomas Lee Signed 1743 Document","description":"\u003cp\u003eDocument measures 14 1\/2 x 13 1\/2 on vellum\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThomas was an ancestor of Robert E Lee\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFolded, some staining as shown. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis document is a land patent issued in the name of King George II in 1743 by the Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, William Gooch, and Thomas Lee of the Virginia Colony. It grants a tract of land to two individuals, Henry Robinson and John Crockett. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Summary\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Type: Land Patent\/Grant.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Grantor: George the Second, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Official Representative: William Gooch, Esq., Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia. Thomas Lee, ancestor of Robert E Lee.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Date: The day of October, one thousand seven hundred and forty three (1743). 1750 in conclusion of document. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Grantees: Henry Robinson (of Goochland county, Virginia) and John Crockett.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Location: The land is described as \"lying and being in the County of Augusta\" on the \"northeast branches of James River,\" bounded by various natural features like trees, a mountain, and a creek.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Acreage: It grants a \"tract or parcel of land\" containing \"two hundred and forty acres\".\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Context: William Gooch was known for issuing large land grants to promoters (like Benjamin Borden) to encourage settlement in western Virginia beyond the Blue Ridge Mountains. These grants often went to Scotch-Irish and German families moving from Pennsylvania. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThomas Lee.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFourth son of Richard ‘The Scholar,’ Thomas exhibited the business savvy and political acumen of his forefathers. While agent of the Northern Neck Proprietary and Naval Officer of the South Potomac, Thomas acquired The Clifts plantation in Westmoreland Co., which he redeveloped as Stratford with his wife Hannah Ludwell. Thomas was a major political force in colony politics, and his sons and daughters became key agents of the American Revolution. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51450949107994,"sku":"EB-326910958462","price":3250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_808de631-87db-4960-9433-973abe6bf152.jpg?v=1765571194"},{"product_id":"1842-appointment-document-signed-by-queen-victoria","title":"1842 Appointment Document Signed By Queen Victoria","description":"\u003cp\u003eDocument signed by Queen Victoria \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Some foxing and staining\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasures 9 x 13 inches on vellum \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis document is a British Army military commission from the reign of Queen Victoria. Dated September 12, 1842, it appoints Henry Bedford as an Ensign in the 9th Regiment of Foot. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMonarch: Queen Victoria\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAppointee: Henry Bedford, Gentleman\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRank Awarded: Ensign, a junior commissioned officer rank\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRegiment: The 9th Regiment of Foot (East Norfolk Regiment)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate of Appointment: May 27, 1842\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate Signed (at Court at Windsor): September 12, 1842\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCountersignature: A signature is visible below \"Entered with the Secretary at War,\" which was standard procedure for these commissions. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe document is partly printed on vellum and features elaborate calligraphy, a royal seal on the left, and a blue embossed stamp below it. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eLouis Henry Bedford: Records from Westminster Abbey indicate an individual named Louis Henry Bedford was a son of George Bedford of Bedford Row, London (a solicitor). Louis Henry joined the army in 1842 and served in the Indian Mutiny. The person in this document is also commissioned in 1842 and is described as \"Henry Bedford Gentleman\". It is highly probable these individuals are related or the same person.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe 9th Regiment of Foot: The regiment was known as the 9th (East Norfolk) Regiment of Foot in 1842 and had extensive service in India during that period. They were involved in the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–1846), including the Battles of Moodkee, Ferozeshuhur, and Sobraon.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Regimental Members: Another Ensign in the 9th Regiment of Foot, Henry Jobling Wallack, served in and was decorated for the Anglo-Sikh War.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51462557696282,"sku":"EB-326914369713","price":1150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_5cb720d8-afc0-4ad7-967c-3129e2148178.jpg?v=1765932630"},{"product_id":"1786-land-patent-signed-by-governor-clinton","title":"1786 Land Patent Signed By Governor Clinton.","description":"\u003cp\u003e1786 Lang Patent\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSigned by Gov. George Clinton\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeal intact.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument itself measures 14 x 16 1\/2 not including seal\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMatted display 23 x 29 1\/2 inches \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis document is a land patent issued by the State of New York on August 14, 1786. These letters patent are open declarations by the head of state conferring a grant of land or rights. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrantors: The People of the State of New-York.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrantee: James A. Stewart, Charles M. Evets Junior, and James Mc Comb, as Trustees of the Estate of Robert Adams.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate: Signed and dated August 14, 1786. It was approved and passed the Secretary's Office on October 6, 1789.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSignatories: Witnessed by George Clinton, Esquire, Governor of New York from 1777 to 1795 and again from 1801 to 1804. It is also signed by Lewis A. Scott, Secretary.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocation: The land is described as a tract in the County of Montgomery. It is designated as Lot Number Nineteen, containing two hundred and forty-three acres.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConditions: The grant stipulated that one actual settlement must be made on the land within seven years, or the patent would become void.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReservations: The State reserved all gold and silver mines, and five acres of every hundred acres for public highways.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeal: The document features the Great Seal of the State of New York affixed to it, as commonly used in that period (a seal is visible at the bottom of the image). \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51462558220570,"sku":"EB-326914625750","price":975.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_83b3b53f-13f0-446a-b303-c327fcfd6829.jpg?v=1765932639"},{"product_id":"colonial-era-manuscript-relating-to-william-penn-james-claypoole-and-others","title":"Colonial Era Manuscript Relating To William Penn, James Claypoole And Others","description":"\u003cp\u003eAn early eighteenth-century manuscript document written in a single contemporary clerical hand, comprising a compilation of testimony, administrative narrative, and proprietary material relating to land, money, and colonial governance in Pennsylvania. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript includes a distinct section headed “William Penn,” within which Penn is discussed in his capacity as Proprietor, with references to authority exercised under him, actions taken by commissioners, and matters concerning land purchase, Pennsylvania currency, and settlement.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe document names several identifiable contemporaries of William Penn, including James Claypoole, prominent Quaker merchant and early Philadelphia settler; Daniel Falkner, Quaker minister and witness; and John Henry Sproges, a settler involved in land or financial proceedings. Dated passages within the text establish composition in January 1703, during Penn’s second period of control over the colony.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript is not written or signed by William Penn, but reflects direct contemporary reliance on his proprietary authority. Paleographic and contextual evidence indicate authorship by a Pennsylvania provincial clerk, likely associated with the Commissioners of Property or the Philadelphia County courts, and the document represents official or quasi-official recordkeeping rather than private correspondence.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eCondition\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript exhibits expected age-related wear consistent with early legal and administrative use, including folds, edge wear, and minor surface abrasion. Ink remains stable and legible throughout, and the text is substantially complete. Overall condition is good for a working colonial manuscript of the period.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistorical Significance\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis manuscript is a substantive example of Penn-era colonial administration, documenting the practical operation of proprietary authority in early Pennsylvania. Manuscripts of this type are valued for their evidentiary role in understanding land distribution, governance, and legal process during William Penn’s lifetime.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eJames Claypoole (c. 1650–1687)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(Often spelled Claypoole \/ Claypole)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWho he was\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eProminent Quaker merchant and landholder\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEarly Philadelphia settler\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eClosely connected to Penn’s proprietary circle\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhy he matters\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eClaypoole served as a trusted intermediary in land and commercial matters\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHis name appears in deeds, accountings, and correspondence tied to Penn’s administration\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFamily deeply embedded in Quaker governance\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCollecting relevance\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eManuscripts naming Claypoole typically relate to:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLand purchases\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinancial settlements\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEarly Philadelphia commerce\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHis presence supports authentic early Pennsylvania provenance\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. Daniel (Dan) Falkner \/ Faulkner (c. 1660–1715)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(Spelling varies: Falkner, Faulkner, Falknor)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWho he was\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuaker minister and missionary\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTraveled extensively in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and the Caribbean\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKnown correspondent within Quaker administrative networks\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhy he matters\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalkner frequently appears in:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepositions\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTestimonies\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReports of disputes or moral concerns\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOften acted as a reliable witness rather than a principal party\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCollecting relevance\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHis presence usually signals:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSworn or semi-sworn testimony\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInternal Quaker dispute resolution\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVery consistent with multi-party manuscript compilations \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. John Henry Sproges (Sprogis \/ Sprouges \/ Sprogis)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(Obscure, but period-correct)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWho he was\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLikely a German or Dutch immigrant settler\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAssociated with:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLand transactions\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocal disputes\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCourt or proprietary proceedings\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhy he matters\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFigures like Sproges often appear in:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoundary disputes\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePayment disagreements\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLand warrant controversies\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTheir names anchor documents to actual on-the-ground settlement activity\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51462558384410,"sku":"EB-326915602279","price":3650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_3d007c35-8289-4e75-aed9-c79342045157.jpg?v=1765932644"},{"product_id":"tennessee-land-grant-1840-signed-by-governor-brown","title":"Tennessee Land Grant 1840 Signed By Governor Brown","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis document is a land grant from the State of Tennessee to Allen S. Barnes, assignee of Thomas Stevens, dated October 13, 1847. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSigned by Governor Brown\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasures 12 x 14 inches on paper\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFragile. Will ship flat.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt formalizes the transfer of ownership for a specific parcel of land in Washington County. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrantee: Allen S. Barnes\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocation: Washington County, Tennessee, on the waters of Cedar Creek\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcreage: Two and three quarter acres\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate Issued: October 13, 1847\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51499889951002,"sku":"EB-326917119291","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_0ab12831-afed-43ae-ae7c-c5d3d7723cd1.jpg?v=1766884168"},{"product_id":"richard-nixon-appointment-of-john-eisenhower-as-belgium-ambassador","title":"Richard Nixon Appointment Of John Eisenhower As Belgium Ambassador","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis document is a diplomatic appointment letter from U.S. President Richard Nixon to John S.D. Eisenhower, commissioning him as the United States Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Belgium. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAppointee: John S.D. Eisenhower (son of former President Dwight D. Eisenhower)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePosition: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Belgium\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAppointing Authority: Richard Nixon, President of the United States of America\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate Issued: Fourteenth day of March, in the year one thousand nine hundred and sixty-nine (March 14, 1969)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSignatures: Signed by Richard Nixon as President and countersigned by William Rogers as Secretary of State \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe letter, a formal government document, states that President Nixon is \"reposing special trust and confidence in your Integrity, Prudence, and Ability\" and that the appointment was made with the \"advice and consent of the Senate\". \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51499891130650,"sku":"EB-326925302935","price":1400.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_a009f1b3-4041-4697-a20c-2f56ff19fdfc.jpg?v=1766884178"},{"product_id":"1806-document-signed-by-king-george","title":"1806 Document Signed By King George","description":"\u003cp\u003e9 1\/2 x 15 inches\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMatted measurement 12 1\/2 x 18 1\/4\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis is a manuscript document concerning the administration of military justice via Courts Martial, issued in the name of King James II of England. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe document addresses \"all Officers and all others whom it may concern\" regarding the establishment and proceedings of Courts Martial.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt directs the Provost Marshal General and his Deputy to summon witnesses, hear evidence of \"Misbehaviour of any Officer or Soldier,\" and award punishment according to the Articles of War and Acts of Parliament.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51499891261722,"sku":"EB-326925327359","price":2000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_1ae94c92-bbbc-4e35-a903-3fb28fa4abf4.jpg?v=1766884181"},{"product_id":"antiphonal-manuscript-on-vellum","title":"Antiphonal Manuscript On Vellum","description":"\u003cp\u003eLeaf measuring 22 x 15 inches in fair condition from a medieval or early modern antiphonal or gradual manuscript, written in Latin on vellum (parchment). It features square notation (neumatic notation) on a five-line red staff, characteristic of Roman Catholic liturgical music like Gregorian chant. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe visible text fragments correspond to lines found in various Psalms and traditional Catholic prayers.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe text \"miserere mei deus miserere mei\" at the bottom of the page is a well-known Latin phrase meaning \"Have mercy on me, O God, have mercy on me,\" which is the opening line of Psalm 51 (Psalm 50 in the Vulgate numbering).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther phrases like \"iniquitatibus meis\" (\"from my iniquities\") and \"Domine audi\" (\"O Lord, hear\") appear frequently in penitential prayers and the Ordinary of the Mass, particularly within the Confiteor or prayers at the foot of the altar. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis specific leaf was likely part of a large choir book used in a monastery or church, designed to be read by a choir from a distance during services. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51499891687706,"sku":"EB-326925478645","price":200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_bee21c1d-5a03-4263-8186-3c06645567de.jpg?v=1766884186"},{"product_id":"1810-fredericksburg-pennsylvania-land-grant","title":"1810 Fredericksburg Pennsylvania Land Grant","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a Pennsylvania land grant document, measuring 21 x 12 inches, dated August 31, 1810 for a tract of land called \"Fredericksburg\" in Northumberland County. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt was issued to Frederick Kagey and Henry Brandt. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe document is signed by John Cochran, Secretary of the Land-office of Pennsylvania. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt reserves one-fifth part of all gold and silver ore for the use of the Commonwealth.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe document is noted as \"Inrolled in Patent Book H Vol 5 page 315\". \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51499894964506,"sku":"EB-326930752751","price":275.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_d3678734-8a56-4d3e-8db4-2040d3b93acf.jpg?v=1766884196"},{"product_id":"rare-1926-portfolio-declaration-constitution-washington-farewell-address","title":"Rare 1926 Portfolio; Declaration, Constitution, Washington Farewell Address.","description":"\u003cp\u003eRare 1926 large portfolio measuring 19 x 25 inches containing important historical documents such as the Declaration of Independence, Constitution, and Washington's Farewell Address. This collectible item would be highly sought after by historians, collectors, and enthusiasts of American heritage and political history. With its unique and valuable content, this portfolio offers a glimpse into the past and would make a valuable addition to any collection of antiquarian and collectible items.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eConsists of facsimiles of these three documents as they appeared in a Philadelphia newspaper.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51548915138842,"sku":"EB-326934772980","price":4200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_2bf6614e-ab98-4add-9d73-c3bd27eb2688.jpg?v=1767872310"},{"product_id":"1821-virginia-land-grant-signed-by-governor-randolph","title":"1821 Virginia Land Grant Signed By Governor Randolph","description":"\u003cp\u003e1821 Commonwealth of Virginia land Grant signed by Governor Randolph \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e14 3\/4 x 12 inches on parchment. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51548915368218,"sku":"EB-326943081799","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_9975e3f7-6173-4aed-92a4-240747ba956a.jpg?v=1767872316"},{"product_id":"1820-virginia-land-grant-signed-by-governor-randolph","title":"1820 Virginia Land Grant Signed By Governor Randolph","description":"\u003cp\u003e1820 Land Grant signed by Governor Randolph. 14 1\/2 x 12 inches on vellum. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51548915466522,"sku":"EB-326943084646","price":525.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_bc2e31cb-b366-45bd-8a91-343e606f8672.jpg?v=1767872318"},{"product_id":"1898-military-appointment-signed-by-queen-victoria","title":"1898 Military Appointment Signed By Queen Victoria","description":"\u003cp\u003e1898 document signed by Queen Victoria. Measures 16 x 12 inches. Seal intact. Countersigned. Fair to good condition. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAppointment of Bernard April Barton to the Hunter Division of the Royal Engineers. (Submarine Miners)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51548915663130,"sku":"EB-326945934860","price":925.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_3b66c651-7d88-4bd9-9e09-0009750b9aa8.jpg?v=1767872321"},{"product_id":"1838-phila-to-havana-shipping-document-involving-controversial-nicholas-trist","title":"1838 Phila. To Havana Shipping Document Involving Controversial Nicholas Trist","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis document is a partly-printed U.S. commercial shipping document, specifically an \"Oath of the Master and Mate,\" \"Consul's Certificate,\" and \"Merchants' Certificate\" from the Port of Havana, Cuba, dated January 16, 1838. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePurpose: These forms were used to certify the origin and contents of a cargo, likely to comply with trade laws and pay appropriate duties. The \"Oath of the Master and Mate\" attests that the goods originated in the United States and were not illegally traded.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocation \u0026amp; Date: The document was completed and signed in Havana on January 16, 1838.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey Individuals Mentioned:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNicholas P. Trist: Signed the Consul's Certificate as the United States Consul in Havana from 1833 to 1841. Trist was a controversial figure who faced accusations of involvement in fraudulent document schemes related to the illegal slave trade during his tenure.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBusto Sugar (likely \"Busto y Sugar\"): Signed as the merchant who provided the initial certificate.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePossene Smith (likely Jose R. Sobio\/Smith): Signed the Master's oath. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistorical Context\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocuments like this were part of the complex trade landscape of the era, which included significant controversy over the use of the U.S. flag to circumvent international treaties banning the slave trade. The British Commission in Havana actively investigated Trist's consulate regarding these practices, claiming the false documents allowed illegal sales of Africans into bondage. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51576677794074,"sku":"EB-326946997285","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_722d292c-8445-43fc-bfdc-813038d5b09e.jpg?v=1768405996"},{"product_id":"1827-massachusetts-military-document","title":"1827 Massachusetts Military Document","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is an antique Massachusetts Militia document from 1827. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Type: Official military discharge paper for a militia officer. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate and Location: Head Quarters, Boston, April 4, 1827 measuring 13 x 8 inches. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSubject: The Honorable Discharge of Kila Scott, who resigned his commission as a Captain of a Rifle Company in the 3rd Regiment of Infantry. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSignatures: Signed by the Adjutant General by command of the Governor. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCondition: Fold creases and some staining consistent with its age. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51576677957914,"sku":"EB-326947003104","price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_5eacac31-445f-451b-908e-47af03410a8e.jpg?v=1768405999"},{"product_id":"king-george-signed-military-document","title":"King George Signed Military Document","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a British Army commission scroll appointing Cecil James Reynolds as a temporary Second Lieutenant in the Land Forces, dated January 9, 1915, during the reign of King George V. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe document bears the signature of King George V on the upper left. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt formally grants authority and reposes \"especial Trust and Confidence\" in the officer's \"Loyalty Courage and good Conduct\". \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe appointment was made in the fifth year of King George V's reign. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51576678154522,"sku":"EB-326947021270","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_85b69252-2c24-4e48-a980-6f6bbbfe38ce.jpg?v=1768406004"},{"product_id":"very-rare-80-page-1762-anti-slavery-pamphlet-printed-by-dunlap","title":"Very Rare 80 Page 1762 Anti-slavery Pamphlet Printed By Dunlap.","description":"\u003cp\u003e1762 abolitionist pamphlet, \"A Short Account of that Part of Africa, Inhabited by the Negroes\", written by Anthony Benezet. It was printed by W. Dunlap in Philadelphia and is identified as the \"Second Edition, with large Additions and Amendments\". \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasurement: 4 3\/4 x 7 1\/2 inches. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExtremely well-preserved. Very good condition. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis influential work was one of the earliest anti-slavery tracts printed in America and played a significant role in raising an outcry against the trans-Atlantic slave trade. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAuthor: Anthony Benezet (identified in search results, not explicitly on the title page).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrinter: W. Dunlap (William Dunlap), a prominent Philadelphia printer known for also printing the first broadside of the Declaration of Independence in 1776.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePublication Year: MDCCLXII (1762).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePurpose: The pamphlet was written to \"shew the Iniquity of that TRADE, and the Falsity of the ARGUMENTS usually advanced in its Vindication\".\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eContent: Benezet compiled information from various authors and sources to argue for the common humanity of Africans, contradicting the prevailing notions used to justify slavery. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51623957496090,"sku":"EB-326957078463","price":3250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_60a48724-d6c3-4023-bd00-6ceed532acf0.jpg?v=1769217607"},{"product_id":"1862-anti-slavery-pamphlet-the-american-crisis-82-pages","title":"1862 Anti-slavery Pamphlet, The American Crisis, 82 Pages","description":"1862 Anti-slavery Pamphlet, The American Crisis, 82 Pages. Shipped with USPS Priority Mail.","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51623957659930,"sku":"EB-326957087611","price":795.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_d9368b58-b496-49a4-8b4c-5c3d9690d5f0.jpg?v=1769217610"},{"product_id":"1799-letter-from-lord-nelson","title":"1799 Letter From Lord Nelson","description":"\u003cp\u003eVery rare letter written for Vice-Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson to Captain Sir Alexander Ballon April 9, 1799. The letter primarily discusses the \"affairs of Malta\" and the political situation in Naples during the Napoleonic Wars. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFramed measurement 12 x 17 1\/2 inches\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSummary of the Letter\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e* Malta: Nelson discusses the arrangements for Malta, hoping Ball will not take them \"to heart,\" and praises Ball's conduct. He expresses hope that Malta would fall to the British soon, as the French garrison in La Valette was holding on due to recent French successes elsewhere. Ball was put in charge of the blockade of Malta around this time and later became its governor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e* Naples: The letter mentions a \"favorable appearance in the Bay of Naples\" and Nelson's hope to return there soon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e* Personal Notes: Nelson sends his regards to a \"Mr. Bethune\" and apologizes for the brevity of the letter, stating he is \"tired to death\". The note at the bottom indicates the letter was in the possession of Sir William Keith Ball in 1864, Sir Alexander Ball's son. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis historical document offers a personal glimpse into the complex military and political situation in the Mediterranean during a critical period of Nelson's career. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdmiral Horatio Nelson lost his right arm on July 24, 1797, during the failed British assault on Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the Canary Islands, when a musket ball shattered the bone above his elbow, requiring immediate amputation on his ship, the HMS Theseus. The incident happened as he was leading troops ashore, and the amputation was performed later that night, without anesthetic, as his only chance for survival.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51623958053146,"sku":"EB-326958840477","price":2000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_44ee9d75-4f96-4417-be3a-0a6f11c61aa5.jpg?v=1769217613"},{"product_id":"1795-king-george-act-of-parliament-framed","title":"1795 King George Act Of Parliament, Framed","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis document is a printed copy of a British Act of Parliament from 1795, specifically the annual Mutiny Act for that year. The full title translates from the Latin header as \"In the Thirty-fifth Year of the Reign of George III, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland\". \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eFramed measurement 14 x 17 inches\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMonarch: King George III\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYear of Reign: 35 Geo. III (35th year of his reign), which corresponds to the year 1795.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSession: The act was passed during the fifth session of the seventeenth Parliament of Great Britain, which began in November 1790 and continued to December 1794.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrinters: Printed in London by George Eyre and Andrew Strahan, who were the Printers to the King's Most Excellent Majesty at that time.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eContent: The text on the left is an extract from the act, likely Cap. 64, which outlines provisions for quartering soldiers and marines, including the daily rates to be paid to innkeepers for hay, straw, diet, and small beer for the troops (e.g., ten-pence halfpenny per day for each horse). \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistorical Context\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnnual Mutiny Acts were necessary because, under English law, the monarch could not maintain a standing army in peacetime without Parliament's consent. These acts provided the legal basis for military discipline and logistics, and had to be renewed annually by Parliament. The text mentions updates to the \"recited Act\" regarding the billeting of non-commissioned officers and recruits on the march. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51623958151450,"sku":"EB-326958844927","price":450.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_14dea247-6cdb-4eec-a4a8-dc160be2eb8e.jpg?v=1769217616"},{"product_id":"1703-h-boyle-signed-document","title":"1703 H Boyle Signed Document","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis document is a partly-printed financial warrantor pay order, dated November 6th, 1703, and signed by Henry Boyle, Lord Carleton. Henry Boyle (1669-1725) was a prominent Anglo-Irish politician who held several significant offices, including Chancellor of the Exchequer and Secretary of State for the Northern Department. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript text visible in the image reads:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"... pay this Order out of ___ Act ___ [dated] Oct 6 Nov 1703\".\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe signature above the manuscript text is \"H: Boyle\". The document appears to be an order for payment related to public office, consistent with his role as Chancellor of the Exchequer at the time. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51623958446362,"sku":"EB-326959681398","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_d53a7884-d6cf-4e15-9085-3132c7250db9.jpg?v=1769217618"},{"product_id":"george-the-third-snipped-signature","title":"George The Third Snipped Signature","description":"\u003cp\u003eActual signature of King George the Third on vellum\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51623959429402,"sku":"EB-326963486431","price":400.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_5af8d900-0af9-49de-a5a0-5f39aafc11cf.jpg?v=1769217633"},{"product_id":"bicentennial-portrait-of-george-washington-good-condition","title":"Bicentennial Portrait Of George Washington, Good Condition","description":"\u003cp\u003eMeasuring 28 x 22 inches, this is a print,\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e from around 1931-1932, of the famous unfinished \"Athenaeum Portrait\" of George Washington by Gilbert Stuart. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe image is in good condition with a few chips and paper loss or folds as shown. There are on holes evidently from being mounted on a wall. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese prints were hung in hundreds of public schools in the 1930’s till even now.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe original oil-on-canvas portrait was started in 1796 when Washington was 64 years old. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt was never delivered to Washington and remained unfinished. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe original painting is jointly owned by the National Portrait Gallery and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis specific image, a print, was published by the United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission in 1932 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of his birth. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \"Athenaeum Portrait\" served as the basis for the image of Washington that appears on the U.S. one-dollar bill.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51739547074842,"sku":"EB-326971942849","price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_cedd5458-ec71-4f75-a1a0-83ec9cecf51f.jpg?v=1771869977"},{"product_id":"18th-century-indenture-during-reign-of-king-george-the-third","title":"18th Century Indenture During Reign Of King George The Third","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis document measuring 24 x 16 inches is a land indenture, a legal deed dating from the 18th century. It is a contract for the sale of land between multiple parties in the county of Kent, England. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate: The indenture was made in the 14th year of the reign of \"our Sovereign Lord George the Third\", placing the date around 1774. The exact date written in the script is the \"fourteenth day of October\".\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eParties Involved: The agreement is between Richard Marsh, Adam Castle, and William Reynolds of the parish of Folkestone in Kent (one part) and John Hart of the same area, a Mariner (the other part).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eProperty: The sale involves \"several pieces or parcels of Fresmarshe land\" (fresh marsh land) commonly known as \"Merwood Marshes\", located in or near a certain level called Romney Marsh and in the parish of Dymington (or Lyminge) in Kent. The land measures approximately fifty-four acres.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTerms: John Hart purchased the land for \"five shillings of lawful money of Great Britain\". The document outlines the possession and use of the land, including all associated rights like paths, watercourses, feedings, and fishing rights.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSignatures: The document is signed and sealed by Richard Marsh and Adam Castle at the bottom right. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51739548418330,"sku":"EB-326972035408","price":675.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_0d6de7f8-489b-48b4-82c0-cfabd84760af.jpg?v=1771869990"},{"product_id":"1726-vellum-indenture-four-pages-26-x-31-inches","title":"1726 Vellum Indenture Four Pages 26 X 31 Inches","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a British manuscript indenture document written on vellum (sheepskin) in the 18th century, likely between 1726 and 1730. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt is a formal, legally binding agreement or contract, historically used for property transfer or apprenticeship agreements. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe document mentions King George by the Grace of God, which helps date it to the reign of one of the King Georges. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe top edge is scalloped, a historical practice where two copies were cut with a jagged edge for verification. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt features elaborate calligraphy and a blue tax stamp in the lower left corne\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51739548811546,"sku":"EB-326972110407","price":450.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_f70cb55b-cd3b-4af3-bf05-8989f4412852.jpg?v=1771869993"},{"product_id":"1847-signed-letter-by-thomas-hart-benton","title":"1847 Signed Letter By Thomas Hart Benton","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe signature in the letter is that of Thomas Hart Benton (1782–1858), the longtime U.S. Senator from Missouri.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe content of the letter discusses the receipt of a previous letter (dated the 27th) and the hope that \"Mr. Miltre's\" note has been put into a negotiable form for discount. Gaulton mentions having inquired about the price of \"soldiers warrants\" but finding no fixed rate, noting that transactions depend on the parties involved. He suggests a check on N. Y. will be the best method for a remittance, even if he has to pay some exchange, and leaves the final decision to the recipient's best judgment. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe letter's content, mentioning the sale of \"soldiers warrants\" and general financial matters, is consistent with the type of correspondence handled by a prominent U.S. Senator in Washington D.C. in 1847, particularly given his involvement with the Mexican-American War and issues of westward expansion during that period. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51739549761818,"sku":"EB-326984455267","price":950.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_deccfc97-8bd7-44bd-9e35-223ac0130a56.jpg?v=1771870000"},{"product_id":"1791-virginia-land-grant-signed-by-governor-randolph","title":"1791 Virginia Land Grant Signed By Governor Randolph","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis document is a partially printed Virginia land grant from 1791, signed by then-Governor Beverley Randolph. It is a historical legal document on vellum that transfers a tract of land from the Commonwealth to a named individual. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eCondition: very good. Three small holes in center fold.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eType: Land Grant (a patent or deed for land ownership).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocation Issued: Affixed with the lesser seal at Richmond, Virginia.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate: Dated to \"One Thousand Seven Hundred and Ninety-One\" (1791).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGovernor: Beverley Randolph served as the Governor of Virginia from 1788 to 1791 and typically signed these land grants.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePurpose: The Virginia government issued these grants to distribute unappropriated land, often as a reward for military service during the Revolutionary War. The recipient was required to occupy and improve the land within a certain timeframe to retain the patent.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhysicality: The document is a printed form, completed with handwritten details (manuscript insertions), typical for the period. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistorical Context\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter the Revolutionary War, Virginia had extensive land claims, including a large area northwest of the Ohio River (which included parts of modern-day Ohio, Kentucky, and West Virginia). The land office was established to manage these grants, which were a key method of land acquisition in the new commonwealth. The land's location would have been detailed in the manuscript sections, defining its exact boundaries, often near specific geographical features. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51739551826202,"sku":"EB-326992052110","price":450.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_d938d6cd-1834-4724-8001-32861c97c9dc.jpg?v=1771870016"},{"product_id":"1826-east-india-military-commission","title":"1826 East India Military Commission","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis document is a military commission from the British East India Company, dated May 23, 1825, appointing Philip Francis Mary as a Lieutenant of Cavalry on the Bengal Establishment. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAppointee: Philip Francis Mary, Gentleman.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRank: Lieutenant of Cavalry.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEstablishment: Service of the Honorable United East India Company on the Bengal Establishment.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate of Rank: Tenth day of July, One Thousand Eight Hundred and Twenty-five (1825).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate Issued: Twenty-third day of May, in the Sixth Year of the Reign of King George the Fourth, by the Grace of God.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocation Issued: Fort William, in Bengal.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSignatories (partially legible):\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAmherst (William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst, Governor-General of Bengal).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLord Combermere (Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere, Commander-in-Chief in India).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eH. 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It outlines the responsibilities of the newly commissioned officer, including exercising soldiers under his command, keeping them in good order, and following all orders from superior officers or the Governor General in Council.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe East India Company was a powerful English trading company that eventually came to rule large parts of India, exercising military and administrative functions until the British Crown assumed direct control after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Prints","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51739552219418,"sku":"EB-326992099282","price":650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2221\/0931\/files\/57_3b7b0c42-9e4a-4edd-a8d1-3f4637c96fba.jpg?v=1771870019"}],"url":"https:\/\/princetonaudubonprints.com\/en-ca\/collections\/signature-documents.oembed?page=2","provider":"Signature Documents LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}